The End and the Impacts
World War II
1917, Russia was collapsing towards the end of WW1. Between their depression and all the casualties their army experienced the war was only hindering Russia's reconstruction.
What happened in Austria-Hungary to impact their fighting the war? A revolution throughout Austria-Hungary made them surrender.
When and why did the Ottoman Turks surrender? They didn’t have the capacity to keep going because they were so weak, on the 11th hour, on the 11th day, on the 11th month 4.
What happened in Berlin on Nov 9? Berlin arose in rebellion and forced the German to step down. Why? Because the enemy forces were all going down so they had no back up for Germany so he was forced to step down.
What happened to the German Emperor? There was a revolution and the German Emperor stepped from power.
When and why was the Armistice signed? To end the between both sides. Marking the surrender of the enemies.
Who were the “big four” ? Victors of the allied forces: President Wilson of the U.S, British prime minister David Lloyd George, French premier Georges Clemenceau, and Italian prime minister Vittorio Orlando.
What did they negotiate? Complicated issues that were arising from WW1.
Describe Wilson’s 14 Points- They were based on the principles of justice to all people and nationalities. First 5 points stated that Wilson was going to remove the causes of WW1, the next eight were about the right of self-determination, The most important was the creation of the League of Nations.
What was the philosophy behind the 14 points? That if the international community accepted a certain and basic principles of conduct and set up institutions to carry them out, there would be peace in the world.
Describe the League of Nations and what the purpose was to be? The Leagues member nations would help preserve peace and prevent future wars by pledging to to respect and protect each other’s territory and political independence.
Describe the Treaty of Versailles? It had weakened and discarded many of Wilson’s proposals, it striped Germany from their armed forces, and make them pay for reparations. Germany: Was stripped of its armed forces and was made to pay reparations, about $33 billion to the allies. They were forced to acknowledge the guilt for the outbreak of WW1 and the Ottoman Empire:Lost territory in the war and they fell to revolutions. The Russian Empire- Lost territory in the war and fell to a revolution. Austria-Hungarian empire- was split into separate little countries.
What countries were established-9 new countries were established in Europe? Why, in retrospect, is this considered a bad treaty? This treaty could pull the U.S. in may future wars in other countries conflicts.
Describe how and why the U.S. rejected the Treaty of Versailles. By making Amendments that would ratify the treaty that would preserve the nations freedom to act independently.
Describe the results on the war on the U.S. There was a rapid inflation because all of the stuff that was rationed for the war was not being rationed anymore so prices went up like the cost of living. Went into a recession.
On the World economy, and Germany in particular: They went into a hyper inflation when they started printing money, they were going through low economic growth, and mass unemployment. People were so desperate for economic growth that they believed anything.
Describe the results of the war on American society People tried to take over the government and duplicate the anarchy of Russia. They were scared that communist would seize power.
Describe the results of the war on American politics. It created a general sense of disillusionment in the United States, Harding argued to return to the ways before the progressive era reforms, and won the election by a landslide.
Describe the results of the war on the U.S. power position in the world. We went into a depression because of the inflation, we ran into many problems after the war mostly economic, political, and racial tension. We feared a lot more, we started changing reforms. This war changed a lot of how we control the economy.
What happened in Austria-Hungary to impact their fighting the war? A revolution throughout Austria-Hungary made them surrender.
When and why did the Ottoman Turks surrender? They didn’t have the capacity to keep going because they were so weak, on the 11th hour, on the 11th day, on the 11th month 4.
What happened in Berlin on Nov 9? Berlin arose in rebellion and forced the German to step down. Why? Because the enemy forces were all going down so they had no back up for Germany so he was forced to step down.
What happened to the German Emperor? There was a revolution and the German Emperor stepped from power.
When and why was the Armistice signed? To end the between both sides. Marking the surrender of the enemies.
Who were the “big four” ? Victors of the allied forces: President Wilson of the U.S, British prime minister David Lloyd George, French premier Georges Clemenceau, and Italian prime minister Vittorio Orlando.
What did they negotiate? Complicated issues that were arising from WW1.
Describe Wilson’s 14 Points- They were based on the principles of justice to all people and nationalities. First 5 points stated that Wilson was going to remove the causes of WW1, the next eight were about the right of self-determination, The most important was the creation of the League of Nations.
What was the philosophy behind the 14 points? That if the international community accepted a certain and basic principles of conduct and set up institutions to carry them out, there would be peace in the world.
Describe the League of Nations and what the purpose was to be? The Leagues member nations would help preserve peace and prevent future wars by pledging to to respect and protect each other’s territory and political independence.
Describe the Treaty of Versailles? It had weakened and discarded many of Wilson’s proposals, it striped Germany from their armed forces, and make them pay for reparations. Germany: Was stripped of its armed forces and was made to pay reparations, about $33 billion to the allies. They were forced to acknowledge the guilt for the outbreak of WW1 and the Ottoman Empire:Lost territory in the war and they fell to revolutions. The Russian Empire- Lost territory in the war and fell to a revolution. Austria-Hungarian empire- was split into separate little countries.
What countries were established-9 new countries were established in Europe? Why, in retrospect, is this considered a bad treaty? This treaty could pull the U.S. in may future wars in other countries conflicts.
Describe how and why the U.S. rejected the Treaty of Versailles. By making Amendments that would ratify the treaty that would preserve the nations freedom to act independently.
Describe the results on the war on the U.S. There was a rapid inflation because all of the stuff that was rationed for the war was not being rationed anymore so prices went up like the cost of living. Went into a recession.
On the World economy, and Germany in particular: They went into a hyper inflation when they started printing money, they were going through low economic growth, and mass unemployment. People were so desperate for economic growth that they believed anything.
Describe the results of the war on American society People tried to take over the government and duplicate the anarchy of Russia. They were scared that communist would seize power.
Describe the results of the war on American politics. It created a general sense of disillusionment in the United States, Harding argued to return to the ways before the progressive era reforms, and won the election by a landslide.
Describe the results of the war on the U.S. power position in the world. We went into a depression because of the inflation, we ran into many problems after the war mostly economic, political, and racial tension. We feared a lot more, we started changing reforms. This war changed a lot of how we control the economy.
World War II
The United Nations
The United Nations was created in 1944 at the Dumbarton Oaks Estate in Washington D.C., that delegates from 39 countries met to discuss the new organization. The permanent members of the Security Councils were: Britain, France, China, and the Soviet Union, and the United States. On April 25, 1945, representatives from 50 nations tries come to San Francisco to officially organized the United Nations. They all design the ‘’charter’’or also called the United constitution which intended to international security and peace.They can take action to preserve the peace, including asking members to use military force to uphold a United Nations (UN) resolution.
International Military Tribunal
As the United Nations court intention to punish German’s and the Japanese leaders for their war on crimes as they suspected.
Nuremberg Trials
Twenty-two leaders of the Nazi Germany were prosecuted at Nuremberg. Three were acquitted and another seven given prison sentences. The remaining twelve were sentenced to death by hanging. For the Japan’s leaders were similar.
Clash of interests that occurred during and after WWII between the Soviets and the Allieds
When World War II ended, the wartime alliance between the united States and the Soviet Union became increasingly hostile toward each other.It led a confrontation and competition between the United States and the Soviet Union called the Cold War. They both had security concerns because they had different goals. The Soviet Union were attacked by Germany twice less than 30 years. So, the Soviets wanted to keep Germany weak and make sure that the countries between Germany and the Soviet Union were under Soviet control. Although the security concerns influenced their thinking, Soviet leaders were also Communists. The Soviet Union encourage communism in other countries. Lenin’s theory that capitalist countries eventually would try to destroy communism which made Soviet leaders suspicious of capitalist.
Yalta Conference
In February 1945, Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin met at Soviet resort of Yalta to plan the post war world that reaffirmed the Soviet pledge to enter the war against Japan after Germany was defeated. Several agreements reached at Yalta. Poland was the first issue discussed. In 1944, Soviet troops drove back the Germans and entered Poland. As they liberated Poland from German control, the Soviets encouraged Polish communist to set up a new government. There were now two government claiming the right to govern Poland, one Communist and the other is the non-communist. The Declaration of Liberated Europe asserted the right of all people to choose the form of government under which they live. After the agreement of the principles liberating Europe, the conference focused on Germany, Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin agreed to divide Germany into four zones (Great Britain, United States, the Soviet Union, and France would each control the Zone. It also the four countries divided the city of Berlin, even though its in the Soviet zone.
FDR after the Yalta Conference
Ten day later, Truman immediately brought up the issue of Poland and demanded that hold free elections as he promised at Yalta. Molotov took the unexpectedly strong message back to Stalin. It made an important shift in Soviet - American relations into further arguments.
Potsdam Conference
In July 1945 Truman finally meets Stalin at Potsdam, near Berlin. Truman convinced that German ‘s industry was critical, unless Germany’s economy was allowed to revive , the rest of Europe would never recover, and the German’s people might turn to communism out of depression. Stalin and advisers were convinced that they needed reparations from Germany.
Iron Curtain came power over various countries following WWII
Truman won the argument over reparations, he had less success on other issues at Potsdam. The Soviets refused to make any stronger commitments to uphold the Declaration Liberated Europe. It ensured that events ally, pro-Soviet Communist government would be established in Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia.The Communist countries of Eastern Europe came to be called satellite nations. The Communist taken over in the Eastern Europe.
Results on the war on the U.S. economy
In economy during the Cold War period for the United States was doing good. During the 1970s saw a downturn, but things picked back up in the 1980s. At the start of the Cold War, the unemployment rate was below 4%.
Describe the results of the war on American society
The people in the United States feared about the Communist were trying to take over the world.
Results of the war on American politics during the Red Scare
When the Red Scare, Americans began to fear that Communist were secretly working to subvert the american government that effort to secretly weaken society and to overthrow the government that which the Joseph McCarthy made political campaign to charge of people who are Soviet spies.
The Marshall Plan
In June 1947, Secretary of state George C. Marshall proposed the European Nations Recovery Program with American aid to rebuild their economies. USSR responded to that they don’t aid of capitalism also blockaded Berlin. United States aid couldn't go through the blockade. So, United States send cargo planes to go over the blockade and drop supplies which known as the Berlin Airlift.